Free

Freedom of the Will Essay Edwards’ Freedom of the Will may be construed as a psychological discourse. As an annihilation of false views of the Will that prevailed in his century and in the present, in order that men may learn how to have Christian belief and be saved, and as a reply to the discourse of Arminian Minister Whitby, this work is indeed evangelical. Edwards has put emphasis on the â€Å"faculty of choice† (Tappan 1839, 16), the Will which the mind chooses as being judged by the faculty of understanding. Although this discourse may not be as authoritative as Calvin’s Institutes, the author of Freedom of the Will is undeniably one of the great and enduring masters when religious emotion is being talked about. When it comes to reasoning in his work, Edwards can never be more crafty. Simply put, Freedom of the Will is the work of a genius. In the section where Edwards distinguished Will from Desire, he has agreed with the argument of Locke but he has put more understanding and correlation connecting these two things. I do not suppose, that Will and Desire are words of precisely the same signification: Will seems to be a word of more general signification, extending to things present and absent. Desire respects something absent†¦ A man never, in any instance, wills any thing contrary to his desires, or desires any thing contrary to his will. (Edwards 1754, 2) In his discourse, Edwards has analyzed and made into view that although Will and Desire are distinguishable from each other, these two are in fact the same faculty of the man’s soul where the Will is being determined by the â€Å"strongest motive† (Edwards 1754, 4) acting over the man’s soul and thereby choosing what is, at that moment seems good to Him, which is his inclination. With this attack on the common arguments in his Freedom of the Will, Edwards is meritorious of all the credits. Moreover, in the section where Edwards has discussed on the deliberate and free choice of Man to do something â€Å"evil and painful† (Colonial and Revolutionary Literature, n/d), he has offered his readers sharp logic. He has noted that if the Man errs it is due to his free choice given the full knowledge of good and happiness versus evil and pain and such an action, to choose evil with suffering, is monstrous and is very incomprehensible. As this can be logical, it is also very difficult to practice. Man generally chooses the good but circumstances do not allow him to stay choosing and practicing the good. Analyzing the discourse, Freedom of the Will speaks of the truth. Edwards is no optimist when it comes to his philosophies. He has made it a point in his discourse that evil do exist in this world and how his teachings sprouted from a deep hatred of evil. The thing which makes sin hateful, is that by which it deserves punishment; which is but the expression of hatred†¦. Thus, for instance, ingratitude is hateful and worthy of dispraise, according to common sense; not because something as bad, or worse than ingratitude, was the cause that produced it; but because it is hateful in itself, by its own inherent deformity. (Edwards 1754, 65) On the last note, the discourse has came up with and is correlated to what are called â€Å"ethics or the rules† (Tappan 1839, 265), which are not compelled to be obeyed by everyone but impose a strong power upon the conscience of the majority, especially those who believes in an Almighty being and those who do not want to feel the uneasiness of the evil and the persecuting nature of the Man. Disobedience to these manly imposed rules are considered as a â€Å"state of sinfulness† (Tappan 1839, 265) or the corruption of human sensitivity disposed to violate the harmony and fitness of the spiritual constitution. Bibliography Henry Philip Tappan, A Review of Edwardss Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will (New York: J. S Taylor, 1839). Jonathan Edwards, The Freedom of the Will (Florida: Soli Deo Gloria, 1754). The Colonial and Revolutionary Literature; Early National Literature, Part I (The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). Volume XV.

The Immeasurable Value of Science Essay -- Science, Scientific Theorie

Few people would disagree that the study of science is a vital part of the world we live in. It is when you take a step back and assess why is true that you are able to appreciate science for it’s many contributions to our daily lives. When thinking of science, people commonly think of some high school or college laboratories filled with students working with Bunsen burners and beakers bubbling with colored liquids, but science goes far beyond the walls of these educational facilities. Science can be found not only in laboratories and classrooms, but also outside in a meadow, or in the kitchen of a restaurant, or even in the night sky. From pharmaceutical labs that create medication to helps people fight diseases, to a seventh grade class excited to launch their hand-crafted rockets, to understanding that scientific theories are used to better describe natural occurrences; science is everywhere, and is utilized in all different types of mediums. It is important to remember t hat science plays a crucial role in society and each person individually because constantly effecting us all in so many extraordinary ways. Science is subject in which many people view as a study of creating, building, and experimenting with things to discover and form results. One aspect of science is about creating objects and building knowledge to find results and products that expand on current ideas and devices. A popular television show on the Discovery Science channel, â€Å"How It’s Made,† offers viewer a glimpse into the processes of how objects from our everyday lives are created and assembled. In one episode, the show follows the process from which plastic materials are melted, dyed, molded and then run through a series of machines to produce thousan... ...rough various examples of science thought of, explored, and applied in every day life, it is clear that science holds extreme value for individuals and society. Without science we would be drudgingly stuck with the same thoughts, ideas and products because we were uninterested in thinking rationally about how to improve upon these existing things to create and inspire better. Without science we would not be able to have an intellectual understanding and enjoyment of many processes and occurrences in our every day lives. Of course, without science, the white paper you read from, the shoes you walk in, and the car you drive would not exist. It is important to know that science plays a vital part in all of our lives, every day, at any given moment, and the value of science to the individual and society is immeasurable with all of these many things taken into account.

Compensation trends in the United States Essay

The current trend of globalization, technical revolution and competition, has had dynamic impact on the compensation trends worldwide, as well as within United States. The whole ladder of compensation from agriculture to Information technology has seen an upsurge in compensation. The economic conditions, the political support and the globalization have played an important role in setting the curve for this trend. There is greater awareness, increased skill, enhanced efficiency and wider range of choices. The human resource has become a more valued, competitive and specialized force affecting the future of economy and industry. They have the bargaining power, and capacity to mould the pattern of growth in every arena of service, research, education, health and industry. â€Å"The RAND Corporation, in a report prepared at the request of the U. S. Department of Labor, says three trends will shape the labor force and employment relationships in the coming years: a slowing in the growth rate of the workforce, an acceleration in technological advances, and continued globalization. † (RAND, 2004) â€Å"The Emerging Trends in Human Resources† looks into many trends which would affect the future compensation package for people in United States. He categorizes them in workplace trends which would affect the employers and employees with better technology, higher health insurance, outsourcing, aging and other factors. Demographic factors like growth, retirement and aging. The organizations will need to respond with more strategy to retain and recruit new employees as well as train and upscale them. The political emphasis on economy, growth and outsourcing will guide the future trend dramatically. The trends of the society will dictate the nature of the work force and the balance of the compensation. International trends like expansion of businesses globally, rise of Asian market and emerging off shoring giants like India, china, Philippines and others add more to the competitive edge. (Greene, 2006-2007) Most companies have turned to total rewards and pay-for-performance programs as a vehicle for maximizing return on investment and employee potential. Variable pay is now a major part of compensation design for nearly 80% of U. S. companies, according to our Salary Increase Survey. Having the best people is more important than ever, especially in a business environment focused on value creation. In fact, many experts believe that attracting, motivating, and retaining the best talent is one of the greatest obstacles to growth over the next decade. Smart companies are finding ways to get the most from their investment in compensation and rewards without sacrificing the ability to compete for talent. (Hewitt, 2007) According to the report, titled, â€Å"The 21st Century at Work: Forces Shaping the Future Workforce and Workplace in the United States. † (RAND,2004) These trends have important implications for vital aspects of the future workplace and workforce and for the U. S. economy. These trends will affect the size, makeup, and skills of the labor force, the kinds of work and its settings, and worker compensation. Understanding these trends will help workers, employers, educators and policymakers make informed decisions that reflect changing realities. (RAND,2004) There is tremendous promise in the rise of competitive compensation package in most fields with better opportunities for growth in Unites States. The demand for skilled human resource will pave the way for next decade in business, healthcare, services, engineering, IT, and many other fields. This is the period of strategic planning, wide range compensation and timely rewards. Work Cited (2-23-2004). RAND Report Predicts Trends in Labor Force. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from BLR Compensation BLR. com Web site: compensation. blr.com/display. cfm/id/153659 Greene, Keith J. (2006-2007). HR SPHR. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from SHRM Web site: www. fmi. org/humanresources/Emerging_Trends_Presentation. pdf Rothberg, Deborah (29-AUG-2006). Study: Skills Shortage Boosts Salaries. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from e WEEK Careers Web site: www. careers. eweek. com/article/Study+Skills+Shortage+Boosts+Salaries/18739 _1. aspx (2007 ). Compensation & Rewards. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from Hewitt Web site: www. hewittassociates. com/Intl/NA/en US/OurServices/ServiceHRC. aspx? cid=2402

The Biological and Sociological Explanations of Crime

In this essay, I will be aiming to accurately compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of both the biological and sociological explanations of crime. Firstly, I will give a brief overview of what both the biological and sociological explanations of crime mean. I will then create a paragraph that explains the strengths and weaknesses of the theories within the biological explanation of crime; such as Lombroso’s ‘Criminal Man theory’ and Sheldon’s ‘body type’ theory Chromosome’ theory as they are relatively controversial topics within Criminology. I will then form a paragraph regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the psychological explanation of crime, by discussing theories such as ‘psychoanalytic theory’ and ‘social learning theory’. I will then conclude the essay by summarising the content of the essay and giving my own point of view on the situation. Biological explanation of crime The first biological explanation of crime that I am going to look at is Cesare Lombroso’s. Lombroso (1835-1909) was an Italian criminologist who completely rejected the thesis of ‘Classical School’, which suggested that crime was in fact a specific characteristic developed by human nature and instead had the idea that criminality, was actually inherited. From this idea, Lombroso developed his own theory of deviance, the criminal man theory (1876); which suggests that by looking at someone’s constitution; such as their physical appearance, it will indicate whether they’re a ‘bornShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System845 Words   |  4 PagesThis include the different theories of crime and how they have an impact the criminal justice system. Some of this theories are the Biological studies, Psychological theories, and last the Sociological theory all are used as different methods of explaining why crime exists. 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